林肯在黑人中的地位_林肯关于黑人的名言

1.《解放黑人奴隶的宣言》的内容

马丁·路德·金

著名的美国民权运动领袖。1948年大学毕业。1948年至1951年期间，在美国东海岸的费城继续深造。1963年，马丁·路德·金觐见了林登·贝恩斯·约翰逊总统，要求通过新的民权法，给黑人以平等的权利。1963年8月28日，在林肯纪念堂前，发表了《我有一个梦想》的演说。

《解放黑人奴隶的宣言》的内容

后者是对前者所没有解决的矛盾的表达，因此可以在某种程度上说是继承与发展。马丁路德金的运动是针对黑人在政治经济生活中的平等权利的要求而发起的。林肯解放了黑人奴隶，只是在法律上承认了黑人自由人的身份；而在其后，黑人依旧饱受歧视，受到不公正待遇。在这方面，我们可以在一个侧面和俄国1861年农奴制改革相对比，更多的恕不赘言，请参考百度的“马丁路德金词条”。随着时间推移，种族歧视的矛盾不断加深（比较具有代表性的有三K党等），最终马丁路德金以一种较为平和的方式将之释放。在结果上看，马丁路德金的努力得到了一定的回报，譬如国会被迫宣布种族歧视与种族隔离是不合法的。然而，时至今日，在美国以及一些发达资本主义国家范围内，黑人依旧被许多白种人隐性歧视，即使在一些美国大片中，类似的镜头也会屡见不鲜。

（顺便怨念一句，在美国受歧视的，不仅仅是黑人，黄种人受到的歧视也不见得比黑人少到哪儿去，更由于西方国家的“黑化”政策，即宣传上的攻击，尤其是中国人，不怎么被待见...让您见笑了...）

Text of the Emancipation Proclamation (second part)

A Proclamation.

Whereas, on the 22d day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, a proclamation was issued by the President of the United States, containing, among other things, the following, to wit:

"That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as sles within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free; and the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and nal authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom.

"That the Executive will, on the first day of January aforesaid, by proclamation, designate the States and parts of States, if any, in which the people thereof, respectively, shall then be in rebellion against the United States; and the fact that any State, or the people thereof, shall on that day be, in good faith, represented in the Congress of the United States by members chosen thereto at elections wherein a majority of the qualified voters of such State shall he participated, shall, in the absence of strong countervailing testimony, be deemed conclusive evidence that such State, and the people thereof, are not then in rebellion against the United States."

Now, therefore I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief, of the Army and Ny of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion, do, on this first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, and in accordance with my purpose so to do publicly proclaimed for the full period of one hundred days, from the day first above mentioned, order and designate as the States and parts of States wherein the people thereof respectively, are this day in rebellion against the United States, the following, to wit:

Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana (except the Parishes of St. Bernard, Plaquemines, Jefferson, St. John, St. Charles, St. James, Ascension, Assumption, Terrebonne, Lafourche, St. Mary, St. Martin, and Orleans, including the City of New Orleans), Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia (except the forty-eight counties designated as West Virginia, and also the counties of Berkeley, Accomack, Northampton, Elizabeth City, York, Princess Anne, and Norfolk, including the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth), and which excepted parts, are for the present left precisely as if this proclamation were not issued.

And by virtue of the power, and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as sles within said designated States, and parts of States, are, and henceforward shall be free; and that the Executive of the United States, including the military and nal authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons.

And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free to abstain from all violence, unless in necessary self-defence; and I recommend to them that, in all cases when allowed, they labor faithfully for reasonable wages.

And I further declare and make known, that such persons of suitable condition, will be received into the armed service of the United States to garrison forts, positions, stations, and other places, and to man vessels of all sorts in said service.

And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the Constitution upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind, and the gracious for of Almighty God.

In witness whereof, I he hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed.

Done at the City of Washington, this first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty three, and of the Independence of the United States of America the eighty-seventh.

By the President: Abraham Lincoln

William H. Seward, Secretary of State.

中文翻译

1863年元月1日起，凡在当地人民尚在反抗合众国的任何一州之内，或一州的指明地区之内，为人占有而做奴隶的人们都应在那时及以后永远获得自由；公众国行政部门，包括海陆军当局，将承认并保障这些人的自由，当他们或他们之中的任何人为自己的自由而作任何努力时，不作任何压制他们的行为。

的行政部门将于上述的元月1日，以公告宣布那些州或那些州的那些地区的人民当时尚在反抗合众国，如果有的话；在那一天任何一州或其人民以大多数合法选举人参加选举出来的代表参加合众国国会，同时没有强有力的反证时，这种事实就是该州及其人民没有反抗合众国的确实证据”。

所以现在我，合众国总统阿伯拉罕·林肯，以在反抗合众国当局的武装叛变时期被授权为合众国海陆军总司令的职权，作为一个适当的、必须的战略措施以便镇压上述叛变，特于1863年元月1日，从上面第一次所说之日起至今足足一百天的期间，根据这样的目的公开宣布现在反对合众国者有如下诸州及某些州的下列地区及其人民：

阿肯色、得克萨斯、路易西安那（除去圣伯尔拿、普拉奎明、哲斐孙、圣约翰、圣查理、圣詹姆士、亚森湘、亚森普欣、得里保恩、拉伐什、圣马利、圣马丁以及奥尔良等郡，包括新奥尔良城在内）、密西西比、亚拉巴马、佛罗里达、乔治亚、南卡罗来纳、北卡罗来纳和弗吉尼亚（除去西弗吉尼亚四十八个郡以及柏克立、阿康玛克、诺珊普顿、依利萨伯、约克、安公主、诺福克等郡包括诺福克和朴茨茅斯两城在内），这些除开的地区现在仍暂时维持本公告发出之前的原有状况。

为着上述的目的，我利用我的职权，正式命令并宣告在上述诸州以及某些州的上述地区以内所有作为奴录的人现在和今后永远获得自由；合众国，包括海陆军当局在内，将承认并保持上述人们的自由。

我现在命令这些被宣布自由的人们，除非是必须的自卫，不得有违法行为；我劝告他们，在任何可能的情况下，他们应当忠实地为合理的工资而劳动。

我进一步宣告在适当条件下，这些人们可参加合众国的军事工作，驻守炮台、陈地、卫戍区域以及其他地区，以及在各种军舰上服役。

我真诚地相信这个举动是一个正义的举动，合于宪法的规定，根据军事的需要。我祈求人类的慎重判断和万能上帝的恩典。

作为证明，我署名于此并加盖合众国国玺。

于华盛顿，1863年元月1日

合众国独立第87周年。

阿伯拉罕·林肯

威廉·西华德（卿）

《解放黑人奴隶的宣言》规定从1863年1月1日起叛乱诸洲的奴隶获得自由，并可以参加联邦军队。